Environmental impacts of Oil Fields on Agricultural Areas (Case study, Al-Garraf oil field)

Abstract

        The Environmental change and Climate change are one of the most important challenges facing the world in the 21st century. The excessive use of natural resources, especially oil, and the multiplicity of extraction areas, especially within areas classified as agricultural areas. Changing the gender of the region from agricultural areas to industrial areas is a big challenge that increases the acceleration of climate and environmental change, when this industrial activity is accompanied by oil or gas residues (the burning of gas associated with the oil extraction process), burning gas can leave behind unburned heavy metals are toxic substances when present in the air or in combination with soil and water, which are the main source of food for plants. Which is a toxic element to both air, soil and agricultural. The purpose of the research to determine the change in vegetation and agricultural cover due to the presence of industrial oil areas by using satellite images of the Landsat 8 satellite for different periods of time and finding changes in the proportion of vegetation cover of the study area (Gharraf oil field and its adjacent lands) using the (ArcGIS 10.3) program and classifying the satellite images by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).