Study of genetic differences of carnation cultivars using phenotypic indicators

الملخص

The experiment was conducted in the lathhouse of the Plant Production Department - Technical Institute - Middle Euphrates University during the agricultural season 2018 - 2019. Phenotypic indicators were used to detect genetic variation among nine carnation cultivars (Bizet, Shridea, Orange, Amprose, Mariposa, Grand, White, Viana Liberty) in addition to the local cultivars. The work steps included planting seedlings on 1/11/2018 in plastic pots of 3.5 kg, diameter 25 cm and 24 cm high, after filling them with a medium consisting of river soil and peat moss at a ratio of 1:2, respectively, with one plant per pot.The results of genetic analysis using phenotypic indicators showed a clear difference in the phenotypic traits of plant cultivars, according to the studied vegetative, flowering and root traits. The studied cultivars were divided into two main groups A and B. The main group A was divided into two subgroups a1 and a2, the subgroup a1 in turn was divided into two subgroups C and D, group C was divided into two other groups, c1 that included the plant varieties Viana and Liberty and group c2 that included the two plant cultivars Shridea and White ,While the sub-group D under the secondary plant cultivar Bizet, and the sub-group a2 with the local plant cultivar, it was isolated.As for the main group B, it was also divided into two secondary groups, b1 which included three plant cultivars: Orange, Amrose, and Mariposa, and group b2, which was unique to the Grand plant cultivar. After calculating the percentage of the genetic dimension between the cultivars, he found variations in the phenotypic traits. The high genetic variation between the carnation cultivars may be due to the geographical locations to which they belong, in addition to the breeding and improvement processes that were conducted on them.