Sumer journal for Pure Science (SJPS) publishes academic and applied papers dealing with recent topics and scientific concepts. SUJPS multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal intended to cover all applied and pure Sciences area. The specialty of publication includes the following fields: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Geology, Computer Science, and Mathematics.
Molecular and Microscopic Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in Human Stool Samples from Al-Kut, Iraq
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for amoebiasis, a significant public health issue, particularly in developing regions where sanitation and sanitary infrastructure are frequently insufficient. It is imperative to have a precise and expeditious diagnosis in order to effectively manage the patient and prevent the transmission of the infection. Our objective in this investigation was to assess and contrast the diagnostic efficacy of two methods for the detection of Entamoeba spp. in stool samples: conventional microscopic examination with Lugol's iodine staining and molecular identification via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that targets the 18S rRNA gene. At the Al-Kut and Al-Karama hospitals in Wasit Province, Iraq, a total of 67 stool samples were obtained from patients who were experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly diarrhea. The positivity rate for Entamoeba spp. was 67.2%, as evidenced by the microscopic examination, which revealed spherical cysts with clearly defined nuclei. On the other hand, conventional PCR-based molecular analysis identified E. histolytica in 80% of the tested samples, indicating a greater diagnostic yield. Significant differences between the two methodologies were verified through statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05). The findings emphasize the superior sensitivity and specificity of PCR for accurate detection and demonstrate the limitations of microscopy in differentiating morphologically similar species within the Entamoeba complex. This research advocates for the inclusion of molecular diagnostic methods, such as multiplex PCR, in routine parasitological screening, particularly in endemic regions. In addition, the results establish a basis for enhanced diagnostic strategies and public health interventions that are designed to manage amoebic infections.
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Evaluation of Growth Hormone, Insulin, and Antibodies in Children with Thyroid Disorders, in Al-Rifai Region /Iraq
The study aims to determine the relationship between thyroid disorders and the concentration of growth hormone, insulin, antibodies (TPO, Tg, TRAb) and CBC in children. The study sample was divided into three groups: control group, hypothyroidism group and hyperthyroidism group. The parameters were measured according to the special Kits. The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of insulin, GH, Anti-TPO, Anti-TRAb, Anti-Tg and MPV in the second and third groups compared with control group. Also, there is a significant increase in number of WBC, LYM, MCHC, MPV, and PDWa in the second group compared with third and control groups and there is a significant decrease in MID in the second and third groups compared with first group, while a significant decrease in GRA, MCV, HGB, HCT, PLT in the second group compared with third and control groups. There is a significant increase in PCT level in the third group compared with second group. This study showed an apparent relationship between thyroid disorders and the studies parameters.
Thyroid disorders, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Growth hormone, Insulin.
Isolation and Identification of Some Pathogenic Bacteria from the External Surfaces and Digestive Tract of the American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)
The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) A common pest in city environments, its potential role in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms is known. This research aims to isolate and identify bacterial species found on exoskeleton and inside the gastrointestinal tract of this insect. The samples were collected from residential buildings using sterile trapping methods. The exterior surfaces and gut were emptied under sterile conditions to obtain bacterial samples. The samples were cultured on general and selective food media, then subjected to microscopic examination after gram dye, and biochemical tests to determine Bacterial species. Blood agar, central MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar medium, Salmonella-Shigella agar medium, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, and Nutrient agar medium the results showed the presence of several types of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. These findings point to the potential role this insect may play in mechanically transporting bacteria in human environments. Background: Periplaneta americana, commonly known as the American cockroach, is increasingly recognized as a vector for pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in both residential and healthcare settings. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and analyze the bacterial load present on the external surfaces and in the digestive tracts of these cockroaches. Methods: A total of 25 P. americana specimens were collected from human dwellings in urban areas. Bacterial isolation was performed from both the external surface and gut content using standard microbiological techniques. Gram staining, biochemical testing, and Vitek2 system analysis were employed for identification and characterization of bacterial isolates. Results: A total of 200 bacterial isolates were obtained—100 from external surfaces and 100 from gut contents. Among these, 80% were Gram-negative and 20% Gram-positive. The predominant species were Escherichia coli (45%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (15%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). The presence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including ESBL-producing and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains, highlights the potential of cockroaches to act as reservoirs and transmitters of antimicrobial resistance genes.
American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, bacterial isolation,
Theoretical and Applied Analysis of Coincidence Fixed Points in Fuzzy Fréchet Space
This paper presents new results concerning coincidence and common fixed points in the setting of fuzzy Fréchet spaces, making essential use of the triangular inequality inherent in such spaces.to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results, a concrete example is provided. Moreover, the established findings are employed to investigate a class of fuzzy differential equations, where we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of a common fixed point for a triplet of operators. This fixed point corresponds to the unique solution of associated fuzzy differential system. The proposed approach opens new perspectives in the study of fuzzy dynamic systems and may serve as a foundation for extending similar results to broader classes of compatibility conditions and fuzzy differential models.
The triangular inequality, Coincidence fixed point, fuzzy Fréchet spaces, and fuzzy semi-norm.
Assessment of some Hormone Concentration in Men with Schizophrenia in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq
Schizophrenia is a complex disease with a heterogeneous array of symptoms, including positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, and cognitive symptoms such as dysfunction in cognitive processes and functions.. A study was conducted on a patient group of 100 people and a control group of 10 healthy people to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and its effects on certain hormones from the anterior pituitary lobe, thyroid hormones, and sex hormones. The working methods were followed according to the number (kits) used in measuring hormones. The results showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin hormone, while there was no significant difference in the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). There was also a significant increase in the concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and a significant decrease in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the concentration of testosterone and a significant decrease in the concentrations of both estrogen and progesterone in patients with schizophrenia when compared to the control group (healthy men) at a probability level of P≤0.05. The study showed a negative effect of schizophrenia on the hormonal parameters studied.
Enhancing Cloud Resource Allocation with a Deep Learning-Based Framework
Cloud computing has transformed the modern world of computing by enabling the provisioning of resources that are on demand and scalable. Nevertheless, the issue of efficient resource allocation persists due to unpredictable demand fluctuations and heavy duties. This paper investigates the allocation of cloud resources through the use of deep learning (DL) models, specifically Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), Gated Recurrent Networks (GRNs), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. CNNs acquire spatial patterns from cloud workload data, while GRNs acquire short-term resource usage dependency patterns. By acquiring long term patterns in work load variation, LSTMs further improve the accuracy of their predictions. Our proposed framework optimizes cloud resource allocation using these models, enhancing overall system performance, reducing energy consumption, and reducing latency. Experimental evidence indicates that our proposed deep learning framework is more precise and adaptable than conventional methodologies.
Cloud computing, Deep learning, Resource allocation, virtualization.
Best Simultaneous Approximation in Lp, 0 < p < ∞
It is essential to study the best approximation of a finite multiple target functions in Lebesgue spaces for. Here we study the approximation of target functions, and call it Best Simultaneous Approximation (BSA). Also, we introduce some relations between that BSA and the best approximation of one target function. Those definitions are supported by examples that describe the relations as well.
Coronary Artery Blockage Identification and Severity Classification using a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) model
Abstract The cardiac diseases are considered a major health problem. Therefore the early identification and detection of the heart issues is an important procedure. Technology plays a significant role in this health issue. It is an ideal means that helps experts to diagnose the heart problems. The Coronary Artery Analysis is a medical heart test that checks the coronary arteries. The medical imaging techniques of the MRI, and CT scans are used to identify abnormalities such as blockages, narrowing, or other structural issues. This analysis helps assess the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and guides treatment decisions to improve heart health. This research presents a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) model integrated with sophisticated optimization approaches for the analysis of heart/MRI ultrasound images. The research utilizes a hybrid approach of Gradient Boosting (GB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to detect coronary artery abnormalities. The suggested methodology precisely identifies Coronary Artery Blockages (CAB) in medical imaging and delineates regions of concerns. In the next phase, a tailored CNN classifier is employed to quantify the dimensions of obstructions, encompassing their length and severity, so facilitating accurate anomaly evaluation for diagnostic assistance in healthcare environments.
hybrid approach of Gradient Boosting (GB) .
Effect of Leek Extract on Histological and Physiological Changes Resulting from Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin Drug in the Albino Rat
Doxorubicin (Doxor) drug is cytotoxic agent and belongs to anthracyclines sub-group of chemical complex and is used in cancer chemotherapy. The present experiment was conceived to that tested the role of leek (Allium porrum) extract regarding the protection of cardiac tissue from doxorubicin meditated injury in experimental animals. Thirty-two male white rats were assessed and randomly assigned to four equal groups: The first group was intraperitoneally injected with a normal saline solution (0.9%) twice a day for one week. The second group: were intraperitoneal injected with doxorubicin at dosing of 2.5 mg/kg/ 48 h. The third group: this group was administered a concentrated alcoholic leek extract at a dose of (400 mg/kg in the initial trial. Next after 4 hours of dosing it was intraperitoneally injected with doxorubicin at the as aforesaid concentration level for 8 weeks. Lastly, the last four animals were initially treated intraperitoneally with doxorubicin in a similar quantity for 4 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, the intraperitoneal injection was stopped and orally administered leek extract at the same volume as above was given for 4 weeks. After the end of the experiment period, blood samples were collected and made histological sections of the heart tissue of all experimental animals. The results showed an increase in the levels of each(cTn-1, LDH and AST) with a decrease in the levels of each(GSH and TAC) in the second group compared to the healthy control group, while it was noted in the third and fourth groups a decrease in the level of each cTn-1, LDH and AST with an increase in the level of antioxidants GSH and TAC compared to the second group, while the histological aspect showed the presence of massive histological changes in the second group with the observation of the presence of simple histological changes in the third and fourth groups. We conclude from the results of our study the effectiveness of the leek plant in protecting the body tissues, including the heart muscle, from the toxic effects resulting from giving the drug doxorubicin.
Cardiocytes, Inflammation , Necrosis , Antioxidant enzymes
Synthesis of Enaminothiones and Computational Investigation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Strength and Substituent Effects Using DFT, QTAIM, and NCI.
Enaminothiones were prepared, and the effects of aromatic and aliphatic substitutions on the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds were studied via DFT calculations (ωB97XD/6‐311++G(d,p)), QTAIM and NCI analyses. The results showed that aromatic substitutions enhance the strength of hydrogen bonds, as they result in shorter S…N distances, higher electron density (ρBCP), and stronger hydrogen bond energy (35.80–36.69 kJ/mol) than those of aliphatic compounds. NMR measurements confirmed this with greater chemical shifts of the NH proton in aromatic compounds (15.74–15.88 ppm), and NCI analysis revealed more negative sign(λ2)ρ values, indicating stronger bonding. This study confirms the role of substitutions in modifying the strength of hydrogen bonds, which may have an impact on the design of pharmaceutical compounds and chemically active materials.
Digital Self-Interference Cancellation Using Convolutional Neural Networks in In-Band Full-Duplex Systems
In-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication systems represent a major breakthrough in wireless communication, allowing transmission and reception of signals on the same channel simultaneously. However, a critical challenge in IBFD systems is mitigating Self-Interference (SI), which results from the leakage of the transmitted signal into the receiver, potentially overwhelming the received signal and degrading overall system performance. This paper investigates the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for digital Self-Interference Cancellation (SIC) in IBFD systems. We propose a CNN architecture consisting of three convolutional layers, designed to learn and suppress the nonlinear characteristics of self-interference effectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based SIC method achieves 52.492 dB interference suppression at an SNR of 30 dB, significantly improving the bit error rate performance compared to conventional methods.
A Study of the Quantity and Intensity Relationship of Potassium in Some Soils of Thi- Qar Province, Southern Iraq
The study aims to use thermodynamic criteria derived from intensity and quantity relationships to estimate the supply capacity of potassium for selected soils from agricultural and non-agricultural sites northern of Dhi-Qar Governorate/ southern Iraq. Results of thermodynamic criteria in this study showed that all studied soils were low in the K-availability , the value of the activity of potassium (ARK0) ranged widely from (6.14 - 10.83 )×10-4 in agricultural soils to 3.35 - 6.57× 10-4 (mol. L-1 )0.5 in non-agriculture soils , labile KL (ΔK0) (6.64 -7.17) and (7.02 - 8.25) cmol .kg-1,and the potential buffering capacity (PBCK) 64.51 – 113.10×10-2 cmol. kg-1 (mol. L-1 ) 0.5 , and 110 - 245 cmol. kg-1 (mol. L-1 ) 0.5, and the Gapon Selectivity Coefficient (KG) 0.028 - 0.048 ,and 0.041 – 0.100 (mol. L-1 ) 0.5, and the Free Energy (-∆G) range between -4044 to - 4380 ,and -4340 to -4739 Cal.mole-1for agriculture and non-agriculture respectively. The study provided more accurate information about the dynamics potassium of soil that plays an important role in describing the behavior of potassium in the saline soils of southern Iraq.
Production of single cell protein Using Mixed Microbial Inoculum Technology from Two Local Bacterial Isolates, Kytococcus sedentarius, and Pseudomonas oleovoran, Using Solid Medical Waste
This research was conducted to produce single-cell protein using a mixed inoculum of two local bacterial isolates, namely Pseudomonas oleovorans and Kytococcus sedentarius. The submerged culture technique was used in the production process using the double inoculum. After initial treatments, solid medical waste was used as the main carbon and energy source in the nutrient medium on which the two bacterial isolates were grown. Production optimization experiments were conducted to reach the best production of single-cell protein. The production optimization experiments aimed to reach the best conditions for optimal production. These experiments included studying the effect of each factor (PH, temperature, inoculum size, type and concentration of nitrogen source, and the effect of incubation duration). Optimizing the production conditions showed that the best single-cell protein production was at PH9, temperature 45°C, and inoculum size 2 ml of each of the two isolates/100 ml of the production medium. The best production was achieved using NaNo3 at a medium concentration of 0.3 g/100 ml. Finally, the best production was obtained at an incubation period of 72 hours. After applying the optimum conditions, the best single-cell protein production was 1.712 g/100 ml of the production medium. The analysis and separation of the culture filtrate after single-cell protein extraction using gas chromatography (GC-MS) technique showed that this filtrate contains 15 active chemical compounds with vast and valuable applications. These compounds are Chloro-3,3-dimethyl-8--6phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-thiopy, Neopentane, Oxadiazole, 5-(4-tert-[1,2,4]butylphenoxymethyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)- and (4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(4--2 trimethoxysilyloxy)propane and Methane, isocyanato And Silane, dimethyl(2-chloro-5-methylphenoxy)heptyloxy and Propanoic acid, anhydride and N, N'-(4-Methyl-m-phenylene)bis(p-toluenesulfonamide) and 1,3-Propanediamine and Vitamin E and Silane, dimethyl(2-chlorophenoxy)octyloxy and Vitamin E succinate and Vitamin E and Silane, dimethyl(2-chlorophenoxy)octyloxy And alpha.-Tocopherol- beta.-D-mannoside and Acetic acid, [(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio].
SCP, kytococcus sedentarius, Pseudomonas oleovoran, mixed microbial vaccines, factors affecting SCP production
The Impact of MEH-PPV Organic Thin Film on the Emission andthe Q-Factor of L3 Nanocavities
In this paper, the influence of removing three holes called L3 nanocavities to achieve a high quality factor (Q-factor) of two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC) and its optical properties were investigated. There are two important factors that are modified to obtain a high quality factor, which are changing the hole size, and after that, hole shifting. Next, the effect of organic-semiconductor materials on the cavity photoluminescence (PL) photonic crystal (PC) was studied. Fabrication techniques to create the photonic crystal L3 nano-cavity are described. In addition, the impact of the deposited organic-semiconductor emitter spectrum on the electromagnetic field intensity within the L3 nanocavity was measured using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Finally, the hole size of the (2D-PC) nanocavities and its lattice constant were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM).
photonic crystal, organic-semiconductor, quality factor (Q-factor)
Equine Lameness: an Advanced Review of Classification, Diagnostics Methods Especially with Local Anesthesia, and Management Strategies
Equine lameness, defined by an abnormal gait that impairs movement, is a significant concern in equine health with economic, ethical, and welfare implications. It results in increased veterinary expenses, decreased performance, and reduced horse value, particularly in equine sports, where welfare considerations are paramount. While mild lameness may appear self-limiting, unresolved cases can progress to chronic conditions such as laminitis and musculoskeletal disorders, often causing compensatory strain on the contralateral limb. The pathophysiology of lameness is multifaceted, encompassing biomechanical, orthopedic, and environmental factors, necessitating precise pain assessment for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Clinically, lameness is identified through gait abnormalities and localized tenderness, often relying on subjective evaluations; however, advancements in motion analysis technology have improved diagnostic accuracy. Management strategies focus on pain alleviation, disease progression control, and enhancing overall quality of life, particularly in chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis. In severe cases, lameness may lead to euthanasia due to significant functional impairment. Additionally, horses may instinctively mask pain, complicating clinical assessments. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, employing targeted keywords to ensure the inclusion of relevant studies.
equine lameness, gait abnormalities, musculoskeletal disorders, pain management, equine welfare, chronic conditions, sports horses.
Evaluation of Anti-Mullerian Hormone(AMH) Level and Relationship with Secondary infertility in Dhi-Qar in hospitals
Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility affects millions of people – and has an impact on their families and communities. Estimates suggest that approximately one in every six people of reproductive age worldwide experience infertility in their lifetime . The present study showed that distribution of AMH level in infertile patients across age groups, higher AMH level was observed in age group 18-29 with (Mean ± SD) of (1.99 ± 2.21.20 – 9.35) while lower AMH level was observed in age group 30-39 with (Mean ± SD) of (0.99 ± 1.60 ≤5.07) and lower AMH in age group (40-45) with (1.02 ± 1.385.31 – 5.66) .while the distribution of AMH level in control across age groups higher AMH level was observed in age group 18-29 with (Mean ± SD) of ( 2.99 ± 1.23 ) while lower AMH level was observed in age group 30-39 with (Mean ± SD) of (2.05±1.11) and lower AMH in age group (40-45) with (1.85 ±1.01). In conclusion, we evaluated serum AMH levels in Iraqi women and established age-specific AMH reference values ​​based on a large representative sample. In this study, there is a relationship between aging, reproductive health, and the presence of genetic and immunological factors that affect hormone level ). We address the application of AMH in clinical practice and the prediction of reproductive capacity and population health.
AMH hormone, secondary infertility and Women Age
Antibiotic Susceptibility for Shigella sp. Isolated from Children under The Age of Five Years
Shigellosis is caused by different species of Shigella and is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children. This disease is endemic in many developing countries, including Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Shigella species and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in children with Shigellosis. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in the continent of Iraq, during the period from January 2024 to October 2024. 50 Stool samples were collected from the children's age group. All isolates were confirmed to be Shigella species through biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolates was studied by disk diffusion method. All stool samples, 18 (36%) showed Shigella bacteria. Among the cases, 11 (22%) were male and 7 (14%) were female. The pattern of resistance against various antimicrobials was as follows tetracyclines (TEs) (100%), ampicillin (AM) (66.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) (27.8%). All bacteria isolates were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (SXT) (100%) streptomycin (S) (88.9%), and cefotaxime (CTX) (72.2%). Antibiotic Susceptibility for Shigella sp. Isolated from Children under The Age of Five Years
Shigella, Shigellosis, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Bacillary dysentery.
Investigating the Effects of 70 mW Laser Irradiation at 808 and 635 nm Wavelengths on Proliferation and Apoptotic Mechanisms in Colon Cancer Cells
Recent research has shown that light-laser diode radiation is an effective therapy for wound healing, inflammation reduction, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to assess the biological response of human colon cancer cells subjected to a single laser irradiation dosage (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 J/cm2). After seeding human colon cancer cells onto laboratory plates, various dosages of an 808 and 635 nm laser were used to irradiate their exposure at 70 milliwatts, cells exposed to radiation were then incubated for one day. Changes in cell proliferation have been examined using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assays. The viability of cells was decreased in nm-irradiated cultures than in control cultures. The results showed that doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 J/cm2 were sufficient to cause visible alterations in colon cancer cells.
Mutational Effect of Penicillium griseoroseum on Genetic Composition and Secondary Metabolites Production
Spores of P. griseoroseum were gathered from the atmosphere, this facilitated the identification of the fungus by looking for a internal spacer (ITS) that was documented by NCBI, PQ721627. Following the application of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 253nm to the conidial suspension of P. griseoroseum at different distances of 15 cm from the source (UV1=2, UV2=4, UV3=6) min., the extracts were evaluated by GC-MS with regard to their secondary metabolites. 1-O-p-Nitrobenzoyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-.beta.-d-galactose, -Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, Triacontane, 11,20-didecyl-,d-Arabino-hexonic acid, 2-deoxy-3,4,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, trimethylsilyl ester, bis, and Androsta-3,5-diene-3,17-diol, 3-(heptafluorobutanoate) 17-(pentafluoropropanoate) are among the new chemical compounds that were identified as a result of the mutations, there are also some compounds that have disappeared due to mutation such as 2- (N-Methyl-N-nitroamino)-4-[2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]-6 and Octatriacontane, 1,38-dibromo- . To determine how much radiation altered the genetic composition of the fungus, six primer pairs were inserted into the DNA - OPC-08, OPL-07, OPA-10, OPA-18, and OPB-02 . There was a clear impact on the following primers : OPC-08, OPA-18, and OPB-02.
Penicillium griseoroseum, Secondary metabolites, GC-MS, UV.
Study the Effect of Phosphorous Impurities on Electronic and Optical Properties of Circumcoronene via DFT investigations
The electronic and optical characteristics of circumcoronene are significantly impacted by phosphorus doping. Improved stability, smaller energy gaps, and changed Fermi levels are some of the main results, which make these doped systems attractive options for use in energy devices, photonics, and nanoelectronics. Phosphorus doping significantly alters the chemical indices of circumcoronene, increasing its stability, reactivity, and suitability for uses requiring robust electron interaction. The design of nanoscale materials, including catalysts, sensors, and energy-storage devices, will be significantly impacted by these discoveries. The structures can be appropriate for applications that need absorption in the far-infrared or electronic devices with decreased optical loss by modifying the high-energy transitions with a considerable oscillator strength. The optical characteristics of circumcoronene are markedly altered by phosphorus doping, as seen by longer absorption wavelengths, lower transition energies, and weaker oscillators. Because of these changes, phosphorus-doped circumcoronene retains its adjustable electronic behavior for certain optoelectronic applications while being extremely versatile for usage in infrared photodetection, optical sensors, and energy storage.
Circumcoronene; Optical Properties ; Electronic properties ; DFT; Energy gap; Chemical doping.
Detection of the presence of both species Sinanodonta woodiana and Sinanodonta lauta in the recent sediment of Southern Iraq
The selection of the study area was influenced by the recent discovery of new pelecypod species documented for the first time in southern Iraq. Sixteen samples were collected from seven locations situated on both banks of the Euphrates River, northwest of Basrah Governorate. An analysis was conducted to identify the types of sediments at these sites, alongside the various shell species present in the region. The findings revealed that mud sediments predominated over other sediment types, which included silt and sandy mud. Within the study area, two pelecypod species were identified: Sinanodonta lauta and Sinanodonta woodiana, along with a barnacle species, Amphibalanus subalbidus. The presence of these species suggests that the area has been influenced by environmental changes that transpired towards the Late Holocene period, as all identified species interduced from outside the region's native ecosystem.
Sinanodonta woodiana, Sinanodonta lauta, Southern Iraq, Barnacle, Freshwater Pelecypoda.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers Bearing Penicillinic Acid Moiety and Their Application
This work includes the preparation of a new monomer have an aminopenicillinic acid moiety and introducing in a homogeneous and co-polymerization reaction and studying the possibility of using them as corrosion inhibitors as well as studying some biological activity. Firstly amid acid was prepared from the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with maleic anhydride, then dehydration of water for ring closure of amic acid was performed to produce the corresponding imide, which in turn entered the Schiff base formation reaction with the aminopenicillinic acid compound to produce the required monomer , followed by the synthesis and preparation included conducting the polymerization process for the prepared monomer and preparing four new polymers (a homo polymer and three copolymers with vinyl monomers: acrylonitrile, methyl acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate).Study of The biological activity of these polymers, as well as the study of the effectiveness of these polymers in protecting carbon steel from corrosion in an acidic medium, and the prepared polymers gave excellent results in both applications. Compounds and polymers prepared were identified by using techniques (FT-IR and 1H-NMR), spectroscopy, and study physical properties of compounds and polymers, including (melting points, softening points), and solubility.
Penicillinic acid, free radical polymerization, co-polymerization, anticorrosion, antibacterial.
Improving Network Security by Applying Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques
Computer networks are increasingly exposed to sophisticated and diverse attacks, threatening the security of data and services. The difficulty lies in detecting new and unknown attacks, especially with the increasing volume and size of network traffic. This research seeks to address this problem by developing a network event detection system based on unsupervised methods, which enables it to detect abnormal behavior patterns that may indicate the presence of an attack. This research aims to develop an innovative network event detection system using unsupervised learning techniques, It achieved 95% detection accuracy and reduced the false alarm rate by 30% compared to traditional systems. This method distinguishes itself from traditional event detection techniques in its ability to effectively detect new and previously unknown network behaviors. This is done by relying on unsupervised learning methods and analyzing bidirectional network flows. Comparing the performance of several algorithms within this method contributed to improving the detection accuracy. In addition, the method is designed to handle large amounts of data, making it suitable for real networks. The system relies on analyzing bidirectional network data flows (Biflow) to extract abnormal behaviour patterns that may indicate the presence of security threats. Unsupervised clustering algorithms, such as k-means, x-means, and self-organizing Kohonen neural networks, are used to achieve this goal.
A High-Gain Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
The fifth generation (5G) of telecommunications has been a compelling subject for several academics in recent years. A patch antenna has recently been used for 5G technology, which demands a communication connection with a high data rate and low latency. This article proposes a high-gain slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications at the resonant frequency of 38 GHz. Rogers RT5580 material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.009, has been used as a substrate for the antenna. The antenna in concern has a compact construction with dimensions of 8×5.2×0.324 mm³. The slotted antenna's dimensions are optimized with the CST Studio Suite software simulator. The proposed antenna design achieved a reflection coefficient of -49.9 dB, a gain of 9.233 dBi, and a wide operational bandwidth of 1.84 GHz, which is the main objective of this study. The suggested antenna also demonstrated favorable performance at 37 GHz and 39 GHz by changing the length of the radiation patch. In comparison to previous similar designs reported in the literature, the proposed antenna has significantly higher bandwidth, return loss, beam gain, and radiation efficiency; therefore, it is a viable alternative for 5G communication.
5G, Microstrip Patch Antenna, High-Gain, Rogers RT5580
The Impact of Parallel Processors on Image Compression: A Review
The rapid growth of digital data on the Internet has led to significant challenges, including high costs for storage and transmission. Image compression is a critical solution to reduce memory requirements and associated expenses. Researchers have focused on improving compression algorithms to enhance performance, speed, and efficiency by leveraging parallelism at the task level. The primary goal of compression is to reduce file sizes for easier storage and transmission while maintaining acceptable image quality. Parallel processors play a vital role in enhancing the performance of image compression algorithms, particularly for processing large datasets and meeting the demands of modern applications. This review examines the impact of parallel processors on improving compression efficiency compared to traditional methods, addressing challenges such as data distribution among processors, image quality, and compression ratios. It explores various techniques, including block-level and multi-layer processing, and evaluates their effects on computational complexity, image quality, and interprocessor communication. By analyzing previous studies, this review provides insights into effective strategies for optimizing image compression using parallel processing, considering factors such as computational efficiency and quality preservation. Future work should focus on developing advanced parallel techniques to further enhance compression performance and address existing limitations.
Oras Nasef Jasim1*, Noor Abdulkaadhim Hamad2, Heba Yousef Ateaa3, Ahmed Basim Adnan4 ABDULKADHIM
Improve the Accuracy of the System SENTIMENT ANALYSIS FOR Students about Teaching Using (GWO-CNN)
Sentiment analysis has become a vital area of research in artificial intelligence, particularly within natural language processing. With the widespread sharing of opinions and sentiments online, organizations, businesses, and governments can leverage automated tools to analyze feedback and evaluations. In the context of education, the increasing focus on student engagement and attendance has highlighted the importance of understanding feedback in institutional settings. This study employs a lexical sentiment analysis approach to determine the polarity of student responses, using the Vietnamese Student Feedback Corpus (UIT-VSFC), which contains 16,175 sentences of student feedback. The dataset was translated into English for analysis. The proposed method achieved an impressive accuracy of 98%. Additionally, machine learning techniques, including Naïve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were applied, resulting in accuracies of 94%, 88%, and 92%, respectively.
Keywords: GWO , CNN, Machine learning, SENTIMENT ANALYSIS, NLP.
Mrs Evaluation of the Role of Gum Arabic Extract on Renal Damage Induced by Oral Bisphenol A Administration in White Rats
In the current review, we explored the impact of Gum arabic (GA) against Bisphenol A (BPA)- prompted nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group (1) served as a control, group (2) rats received 8 mg/ kg of GA extract, group (3) received BPA 50 mg / kg b.wt. by oral gavage, group (4) consists of rats received first GA extract + BPA, and finally group (5) consists of rats received first BPA + GA extract. Urea, Creatinine, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed, in addition to histological study. The results of this study showed that there was a significant increase in the levels of all urea, Creatinine, and MDA, and a significant decrease in the levels of both GSH and SOD in the third group exposed to BPS, while there was a significant decrease in all of urea, Creatinine, and MDA, and a significant increase in the level of antioxidants GSH, SOD in the fourth and fifth groups Which was dosed with GA extract and BPS. Histopathological changes of kidney were observed in third group (treated with BPA) and fourth group (BPA + GA treated) as compared to control group. This study demonstrated the antioxidant effect of GA and against BPS -induced renal injury.
Bisphenol A; Gum Arabic ; kidney; SOD ; Albino Rats.
The Impact of Acute and Chronic Infection with Toxoplasma Gondii on Serum IFN-γ and IL-10 levels among Pregnant Women Attending Al-Rifai Hospital in Rifai City , Dhi Qar
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It is widespread worldwide and infects most warm-blooded animals, including humans. The present study included 219 blood samples from pregnant women. ELISA was used to detect toxoplasmosis infections, where IgG and IgM were used to detect chronic and acute infections, respectively. Cytokine levels (IL-10, IFN-γ) were also detected in infected and uninfected pregnant women to determine the extent to which their levels in the blood are affected by acute and chronic infections with the parasite. The results of the study showed that acute toxoplasmosis infection led to a significant increase in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in infected pregnant women compared to uninfected pregnant women. On the other hand, chronic infection with toxoplasmosis led to a significant increase in the level of IL-10 in infected pregnant women compared to uninfected pregnant women, while the increase in the level of IFN-γ was not significant in pregnant women infected with acute toxoplasmosis compared to uninfected pregnant women.
Toxoplasmosis ; acute infection ; chronic infection ; IL-10 ; IFN-γ
Antibacterial Activity of Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized from Licorice Root Extract against Streptococcus mutans
One hundred and twenty dental caries samples were collected during the period between September 2023 and January 2024. Streptococcus mutans were isolated and diagnosed based on cultural, microscopic characteristics, and biochemical tests such as IMViC and the Remel RapID STR system. Obtained results showed that 64 isolates (53.4%) belonged to the genus Streptococci and that 40 isolates (62.5%) of this genus belonged to the species Streptococcus mutans, while 56 isolates (46.6%) of the total 120 isolates did not belong to the genus Non-Streptococci. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) was prepared using the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract and characterized using UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FESEM. SiO2 NPs showed absorbance peak at 497 nm. The XRD pattern showed that the strong four intense peaks indicate crystalline nature and face centered cubic structure of silica nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to study the morphology of the SiO2 NPs. It exhibited a spherical shape with diameters of 46 to 77 nm. The obtained results of antibacterial activity showed that the prepared SiO2 NPs were effective against the isolated Streptococcus mutans, as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 12.5 units/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 25 units/mL.
Silica Nanoparticles, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Glycyrrhiza.
Chemical Loading of Doxorubicin onto Onion DNA and its Medical use
A new natural biopolymer was prepared by modifying the structure of the drug Doxorubicin by loading it onto DNA extracted from onions and dotted with Maleic anhydride monomer The goal of this design is to increase effectiveness of the anti-cancer drug known to be used medically, and to reduce the harms and side effects, the use of Doxorubicin may lead to the occurrence of many side effects, such as: cardio toxicity, bone marrow inhibition, and liver damage. It is also characterized by its anti-cancer activity and its status as a natural polypeptide. Its main chain was copolymerized using anhydrous malic acid. Then replace it with the amino drug Doxorubicin. In order to upsurge the drugs life, and release the modified drug with expanded drug action by gradual release with its excellent performance. This new biological polymer was applied to mice, and it gave distinct results. The infected mice were treated and made a complete recovery without secondary damage and without leaving traces. It could be a better drug than Doxorubicin if it was alone, by filling it onto the DNA. In order to gain thermal stability during storage. Compound RA has high selectivity and can be adopted as a drug for cancerous tumors and the option of its use and development, as it gave double distinct results without any effects on living cells.
The 2nd Conference for Pure and Medical Sciences
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