Sumer journal for Pure Science (SJPS) publishes academic and applied papers dealing with recent topics and scientific concepts. SUJPS multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal intended to cover all applied and pure Sciences area. The specialty of publication includes the following fields: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Geology, Computer Science, and Mathematics.
Theoretical and Applied Analysis of Coincidence Fixed Points in Fuzzy Fréchet Space
This paper presents new results concerning coincidence and common fixed points in the setting of fuzzy Fréchet spaces, making essential use of the triangular inequality inherent in such spaces.to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results, a concrete example is provided. Moreover, the established findings are employed to investigate a class of fuzzy differential equations, where we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of a common fixed point for a triplet of operators. This fixed point corresponds to the unique solution of associated fuzzy differential system. The proposed approach opens new perspectives in the study of fuzzy dynamic systems and may serve as a foundation for extending similar results to broader classes of compatibility conditions and fuzzy differential models.
The triangular inequality, Coincidence fixed point, fuzzy Fréchet spaces, and fuzzy semi-norm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sumer Journal for Pure Science
Assessment of some Hormone Concentration in Men with Schizophrenia in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq
Schizophrenia is a complex disease with a heterogeneous array of symptoms, including positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, and cognitive symptoms such as dysfunction in cognitive processes and functions.. A study was conducted on a patient group of 100 people and a control group of 10 healthy people to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and its effects on certain hormones from the anterior pituitary lobe, thyroid hormones, and sex hormones. The working methods were followed according to the number (kits) used in measuring hormones. The results showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin hormone, while there was no significant difference in the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). There was also a significant increase in the concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and a significant decrease in the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the concentration of testosterone and a significant decrease in the concentrations of both estrogen and progesterone in patients with schizophrenia when compared to the control group (healthy men) at a probability level of P≤0.05. The study showed a negative effect of schizophrenia on the hormonal parameters studied.
Enhancing Cloud Resource Allocation with a Deep Learning-Based Framework
Cloud computing has transformed the modern world of computing by enabling the provisioning of resources that are on demand and scalable. Nevertheless, the issue of efficient resource allocation persists due to unpredictable demand fluctuations and heavy duties. This paper investigates the allocation of cloud resources through the use of deep learning (DL) models, specifically Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), Gated Recurrent Networks (GRNs), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. CNNs acquire spatial patterns from cloud workload data, while GRNs acquire short-term resource usage dependency patterns. By acquiring long term patterns in work load variation, LSTMs further improve the accuracy of their predictions. Our proposed framework optimizes cloud resource allocation using these models, enhancing overall system performance, reducing energy consumption, and reducing latency. Experimental evidence indicates that our proposed deep learning framework is more precise and adaptable than conventional methodologies.
Cloud computing, Deep learning, Resource allocation, virtualization.
Coronary Artery Blockage Identification and Severity Classification using a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) model
Abstract The cardiac diseases are considered a major health problem. Therefore the early identification and detection of the heart issues is an important procedure. Technology plays a significant role in this health issue. It is an ideal means that helps experts to diagnose the heart problems. The Coronary Artery Analysis is a medical heart test that checks the coronary arteries. The medical imaging techniques of the MRI, and CT scans are used to identify abnormalities such as blockages, narrowing, or other structural issues. This analysis helps assess the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and guides treatment decisions to improve heart health. This research presents a hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) model integrated with sophisticated optimization approaches for the analysis of heart/MRI ultrasound images. The research utilizes a hybrid approach of Gradient Boosting (GB) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to detect coronary artery abnormalities. The suggested methodology precisely identifies Coronary Artery Blockages (CAB) in medical imaging and delineates regions of concerns. In the next phase, a tailored CNN classifier is employed to quantify the dimensions of obstructions, encompassing their length and severity, so facilitating accurate anomaly evaluation for diagnostic assistance in healthcare environments.
hybrid approach of Gradient Boosting (GB) .
Effect of Leek Extract on Histological and Physiological Changes Resulting from Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin Drug in the Albino Rat
Doxorubicin (Doxor) drug is cytotoxic agent and belongs to anthracyclines sub-group of chemical complex and is used in cancer chemotherapy. The present experiment was conceived to that tested the role of leek (Allium porrum) extract regarding the protection of cardiac tissue from doxorubicin meditated injury in experimental animals. Thirty-two male white rats were assessed and randomly assigned to four equal groups: The first group was intraperitoneally injected with a normal saline solution (0.9%) twice a day for one week. The second group: were intraperitoneal injected with doxorubicin at dosing of 2.5 mg/kg/ 48 h. The third group: this group was administered a concentrated alcoholic leek extract at a dose of (400 mg/kg in the initial trial. Next after 4 hours of dosing it was intraperitoneally injected with doxorubicin at the as aforesaid concentration level for 8 weeks. Lastly, the last four animals were initially treated intraperitoneally with doxorubicin in a similar quantity for 4 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, the intraperitoneal injection was stopped and orally administered leek extract at the same volume as above was given for 4 weeks. After the end of the experiment period, blood samples were collected and made histological sections of the heart tissue of all experimental animals. The results showed an increase in the levels of each(cTn-1, LDH and AST) with a decrease in the levels of each(GSH and TAC) in the second group compared to the healthy control group, while it was noted in the third and fourth groups a decrease in the level of each cTn-1, LDH and AST with an increase in the level of antioxidants GSH and TAC compared to the second group, while the histological aspect showed the presence of massive histological changes in the second group with the observation of the presence of simple histological changes in the third and fourth groups. We conclude from the results of our study the effectiveness of the leek plant in protecting the body tissues, including the heart muscle, from the toxic effects resulting from giving the drug doxorubicin.
Cardiocytes, Inflammation , Necrosis , Antioxidant enzymes
Synthesis of Enaminothiones and Computational Investigation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Strength and Substituent Effects Using DFT, QTAIM, and NCI.
Enaminothiones were prepared, and the effects of aromatic and aliphatic substitutions on the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds were studied via DFT calculations (ωB97XD/6‐311++G(d,p)), QTAIM and NCI analyses. The results showed that aromatic substitutions enhance the strength of hydrogen bonds, as they result in shorter S…N distances, higher electron density (ρBCP), and stronger hydrogen bond energy (35.80–36.69 kJ/mol) than those of aliphatic compounds. NMR measurements confirmed this with greater chemical shifts of the NH proton in aromatic compounds (15.74–15.88 ppm), and NCI analysis revealed more negative sign(λ2)ρ values, indicating stronger bonding. This study confirms the role of substitutions in modifying the strength of hydrogen bonds, which may have an impact on the design of pharmaceutical compounds and chemically active materials.
Digital Self-Interference Cancellation Using Convolutional Neural Networks in In-Band Full-Duplex Systems
In-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication systems represent a major breakthrough in wireless communication, allowing transmission and reception of signals on the same channel simultaneously. However, a critical challenge in IBFD systems is mitigating Self-Interference (SI), which results from the leakage of the transmitted signal into the receiver, potentially overwhelming the received signal and degrading overall system performance. This paper investigates the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for digital Self-Interference Cancellation (SIC) in IBFD systems. We propose a CNN architecture consisting of three convolutional layers, designed to learn and suppress the nonlinear characteristics of self-interference effectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-based SIC method achieves 52.492 dB interference suppression at an SNR of 30 dB, significantly improving the bit error rate performance compared to conventional methods.
A Study of the Quantity and Intensity Relationship of Potassium in Some Soils of Thi- Qar Province, Southern Iraq
The study aims to use thermodynamic criteria derived from intensity and quantity relationships to estimate the supply capacity of potassium for selected soils from agricultural and non-agricultural sites northern of Dhi-Qar Governorate/ southern Iraq. Results of thermodynamic criteria in this study showed that all studied soils were low in the K-availability , the value of the activity of potassium (ARK0) ranged widely from (6.14 - 10.83 )×10-4 in agricultural soils to 3.35 - 6.57× 10-4 (mol. L-1 )0.5 in non-agriculture soils , labile KL (ΔK0) (6.64 -7.17) and (7.02 - 8.25) cmol .kg-1,and the potential buffering capacity (PBCK) 64.51 – 113.10×10-2 cmol. kg-1 (mol. L-1 ) 0.5 , and 110 - 245 cmol. kg-1 (mol. L-1 ) 0.5, and the Gapon Selectivity Coefficient (KG) 0.028 - 0.048 ,and 0.041 – 0.100 (mol. L-1 ) 0.5, and the Free Energy (-∆G) range between -4044 to - 4380 ,and -4340 to -4739 Cal.mole-1for agriculture and non-agriculture respectively. The study provided more accurate information about the dynamics potassium of soil that plays an important role in describing the behavior of potassium in the saline soils of southern Iraq.
Production of single cell protein Using Mixed Microbial Inoculum Technology from Two Local Bacterial Isolates, Kytococcus sedentarius, and Pseudomonas oleovoran, Using Solid Medical Waste
This research was conducted to produce single-cell protein using a mixed inoculum of two local bacterial isolates, namely Pseudomonas oleovorans and Kytococcus sedentarius. The submerged culture technique was used in the production process using the double inoculum. After initial treatments, solid medical waste was used as the main carbon and energy source in the nutrient medium on which the two bacterial isolates were grown. Production optimization experiments were conducted to reach the best production of single-cell protein. The production optimization experiments aimed to reach the best conditions for optimal production. These experiments included studying the effect of each factor (PH, temperature, inoculum size, type and concentration of nitrogen source, and the effect of incubation duration). Optimizing the production conditions showed that the best single-cell protein production was at PH9, temperature 45°C, and inoculum size 2 ml of each of the two isolates/100 ml of the production medium. The best production was achieved using NaNo3 at a medium concentration of 0.3 g/100 ml. Finally, the best production was obtained at an incubation period of 72 hours. After applying the optimum conditions, the best single-cell protein production was 1.712 g/100 ml of the production medium. The analysis and separation of the culture filtrate after single-cell protein extraction using gas chromatography (GC-MS) technique showed that this filtrate contains 15 active chemical compounds with vast and valuable applications. These compounds are Chloro-3,3-dimethyl-8--6phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-thiopy, Neopentane, Oxadiazole, 5-(4-tert-[1,2,4]butylphenoxymethyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)- and (4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(4--2 trimethoxysilyloxy)propane and Methane, isocyanato And Silane, dimethyl(2-chloro-5-methylphenoxy)heptyloxy and Propanoic acid, anhydride and N, N'-(4-Methyl-m-phenylene)bis(p-toluenesulfonamide) and 1,3-Propanediamine and Vitamin E and Silane, dimethyl(2-chlorophenoxy)octyloxy and Vitamin E succinate and Vitamin E and Silane, dimethyl(2-chlorophenoxy)octyloxy And alpha.-Tocopherol- beta.-D-mannoside and Acetic acid, [(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio].
SCP, kytococcus sedentarius, Pseudomonas oleovoran, mixed microbial vaccines, factors affecting SCP production
The Impact of MEH-PPV Organic Thin Film on the Emission andthe Q-Factor of L3 Nanocavities
In this paper, the influence of removing three holes called L3 nanocavities to achieve a high quality factor (Q-factor) of two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC) and its optical properties were investigated. There are two important factors that are modified to obtain a high quality factor, which are changing the hole size, and after that, hole shifting. Next, the effect of organic-semiconductor materials on the cavity photoluminescence (PL) photonic crystal (PC) was studied. Fabrication techniques to create the photonic crystal L3 nano-cavity are described. In addition, the impact of the deposited organic-semiconductor emitter spectrum on the electromagnetic field intensity within the L3 nanocavity was measured using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Finally, the hole size of the (2D-PC) nanocavities and its lattice constant were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscope (SEM).
photonic crystal, organic-semiconductor, quality factor (Q-factor)
Equine Lameness: an Advanced Review of Classification, Diagnostics Methods Especially with Local Anesthesia, and Management Strategies
Equine lameness, defined by an abnormal gait that impairs movement, is a significant concern in equine health with economic, ethical, and welfare implications. It results in increased veterinary expenses, decreased performance, and reduced horse value, particularly in equine sports, where welfare considerations are paramount. While mild lameness may appear self-limiting, unresolved cases can progress to chronic conditions such as laminitis and musculoskeletal disorders, often causing compensatory strain on the contralateral limb. The pathophysiology of lameness is multifaceted, encompassing biomechanical, orthopedic, and environmental factors, necessitating precise pain assessment for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Clinically, lameness is identified through gait abnormalities and localized tenderness, often relying on subjective evaluations; however, advancements in motion analysis technology have improved diagnostic accuracy. Management strategies focus on pain alleviation, disease progression control, and enhancing overall quality of life, particularly in chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis. In severe cases, lameness may lead to euthanasia due to significant functional impairment. Additionally, horses may instinctively mask pain, complicating clinical assessments. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, employing targeted keywords to ensure the inclusion of relevant studies.
equine lameness, gait abnormalities, musculoskeletal disorders, pain management, equine welfare, chronic conditions, sports horses.
Evaluation of Anti-Mullerian Hormone(AMH) Level and Relationship with Secondary infertility in Dhi-Qar in hospitals
Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility affects millions of people – and has an impact on their families and communities. Estimates suggest that approximately one in every six people of reproductive age worldwide experience infertility in their lifetime . The present study showed that distribution of AMH level in infertile patients across age groups, higher AMH level was observed in age group 18-29 with (Mean ± SD) of (1.99 ± 2.21.20 – 9.35) while lower AMH level was observed in age group 30-39 with (Mean ± SD) of (0.99 ± 1.60 ≤5.07) and lower AMH in age group (40-45) with (1.02 ± 1.385.31 – 5.66) .while the distribution of AMH level in control across age groups higher AMH level was observed in age group 18-29 with (Mean ± SD) of ( 2.99 ± 1.23 ) while lower AMH level was observed in age group 30-39 with (Mean ± SD) of (2.05±1.11) and lower AMH in age group (40-45) with (1.85 ±1.01). In conclusion, we evaluated serum AMH levels in Iraqi women and established age-specific AMH reference values ​​based on a large representative sample. In this study, there is a relationship between aging, reproductive health, and the presence of genetic and immunological factors that affect hormone level ). We address the application of AMH in clinical practice and the prediction of reproductive capacity and population health.
AMH hormone, secondary infertility and Women Age
Antibiotic Susceptibility for Shigella sp. Isolated from Children under The Age of Five Years
Shigellosis is caused by different species of Shigella and is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in children. This disease is endemic in many developing countries, including Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Shigella species and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in children with Shigellosis. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in the continent of Iraq, during the period from January 2024 to October 2024. 50 Stool samples were collected from the children's age group. All isolates were confirmed to be Shigella species through biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these isolates was studied by disk diffusion method. All stool samples, 18 (36%) showed Shigella bacteria. Among the cases, 11 (22%) were male and 7 (14%) were female. The pattern of resistance against various antimicrobials was as follows tetracyclines (TEs) (100%), ampicillin (AM) (66.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) (27.8%). All bacteria isolates were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (SXT) (100%) streptomycin (S) (88.9%), and cefotaxime (CTX) (72.2%). Antibiotic Susceptibility for Shigella sp. Isolated from Children under The Age of Five Years
Shigella, Shigellosis, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Bacillary dysentery.
Investigating the Effects of 70 mW Laser Irradiation at 808 and 635 nm Wavelengths on Proliferation and Apoptotic Mechanisms in Colon Cancer Cells
Recent research has shown that light-laser diode radiation is an effective therapy for wound healing, inflammation reduction, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to assess the biological response of human colon cancer cells subjected to a single laser irradiation dosage (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 J/cm2). After seeding human colon cancer cells onto laboratory plates, various dosages of an 808 and 635 nm laser were used to irradiate their exposure at 70 milliwatts, cells exposed to radiation were then incubated for one day. Changes in cell proliferation have been examined using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assays. The viability of cells was decreased in nm-irradiated cultures than in control cultures. The results showed that doses of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 J/cm2 were sufficient to cause visible alterations in colon cancer cells.
Mutational Effect of Penicillium griseoroseum on Genetic Composition and Secondary Metabolites Production
Spores of P. griseoroseum were gathered from the atmosphere, this facilitated the identification of the fungus by looking for a internal spacer (ITS) that was documented by NCBI, PQ721627. Following the application of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 253nm to the conidial suspension of P. griseoroseum at different distances of 15 cm from the source (UV1=2, UV2=4, UV3=6) min., the extracts were evaluated by GC-MS with regard to their secondary metabolites. 1-O-p-Nitrobenzoyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-.beta.-d-galactose, -Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)-, Triacontane, 11,20-didecyl-,d-Arabino-hexonic acid, 2-deoxy-3,4,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, trimethylsilyl ester, bis, and Androsta-3,5-diene-3,17-diol, 3-(heptafluorobutanoate) 17-(pentafluoropropanoate) are among the new chemical compounds that were identified as a result of the mutations, there are also some compounds that have disappeared due to mutation such as 2- (N-Methyl-N-nitroamino)-4-[2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1,1-bis(trifluoromethyl)propyl]-6 and Octatriacontane, 1,38-dibromo- . To determine how much radiation altered the genetic composition of the fungus, six primer pairs were inserted into the DNA - OPC-08, OPL-07, OPA-10, OPA-18, and OPB-02 . There was a clear impact on the following primers : OPC-08, OPA-18, and OPB-02.
Penicillium griseoroseum, Secondary metabolites, GC-MS, UV.
Study the Effect of Phosphorous Impurities on Electronic and Optical Properties of Circumcoronene via DFT investigations
The electronic and optical characteristics of circumcoronene are significantly impacted by phosphorus doping. Improved stability, smaller energy gaps, and changed Fermi levels are some of the main results, which make these doped systems attractive options for use in energy devices, photonics, and nanoelectronics. Phosphorus doping significantly alters the chemical indices of circumcoronene, increasing its stability, reactivity, and suitability for uses requiring robust electron interaction. The design of nanoscale materials, including catalysts, sensors, and energy-storage devices, will be significantly impacted by these discoveries. The structures can be appropriate for applications that need absorption in the far-infrared or electronic devices with decreased optical loss by modifying the high-energy transitions with a considerable oscillator strength. The optical characteristics of circumcoronene are markedly altered by phosphorus doping, as seen by longer absorption wavelengths, lower transition energies, and weaker oscillators. Because of these changes, phosphorus-doped circumcoronene retains its adjustable electronic behavior for certain optoelectronic applications while being extremely versatile for usage in infrared photodetection, optical sensors, and energy storage.
Circumcoronene; Optical Properties ; Electronic properties ; DFT; Energy gap; Chemical doping.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers Bearing Penicillinic Acid Moiety and Their Application
This work includes the preparation of a new monomer have an aminopenicillinic acid moiety and introducing in a homogeneous and co-polymerization reaction and studying the possibility of using them as corrosion inhibitors as well as studying some biological activity. Firstly amid acid was prepared from the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with maleic anhydride, then dehydration of water for ring closure of amic acid was performed to produce the corresponding imide, which in turn entered the Schiff base formation reaction with the aminopenicillinic acid compound to produce the required monomer , followed by the synthesis and preparation included conducting the polymerization process for the prepared monomer and preparing four new polymers (a homo polymer and three copolymers with vinyl monomers: acrylonitrile, methyl acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate).Study of The biological activity of these polymers, as well as the study of the effectiveness of these polymers in protecting carbon steel from corrosion in an acidic medium, and the prepared polymers gave excellent results in both applications. Compounds and polymers prepared were identified by using techniques (FT-IR and 1H-NMR), spectroscopy, and study physical properties of compounds and polymers, including (melting points, softening points), and solubility.
Penicillinic acid, free radical polymerization, co-polymerization, anticorrosion, antibacterial.
Improving Network Security by Applying Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques
Computer networks are increasingly exposed to sophisticated and diverse attacks, threatening the security of data and services. The difficulty lies in detecting new and unknown attacks, especially with the increasing volume and size of network traffic. This research seeks to address this problem by developing a network event detection system based on unsupervised methods, which enables it to detect abnormal behavior patterns that may indicate the presence of an attack. This research aims to develop an innovative network event detection system using unsupervised learning techniques, It achieved 95% detection accuracy and reduced the false alarm rate by 30% compared to traditional systems. This method distinguishes itself from traditional event detection techniques in its ability to effectively detect new and previously unknown network behaviors. This is done by relying on unsupervised learning methods and analyzing bidirectional network flows. Comparing the performance of several algorithms within this method contributed to improving the detection accuracy. In addition, the method is designed to handle large amounts of data, making it suitable for real networks. The system relies on analyzing bidirectional network data flows (Biflow) to extract abnormal behaviour patterns that may indicate the presence of security threats. Unsupervised clustering algorithms, such as k-means, x-means, and self-organizing Kohonen neural networks, are used to achieve this goal.
A High-Gain Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
The fifth generation (5G) of telecommunications has been a compelling subject for several academics in recent years. A patch antenna has recently been used for 5G technology, which demands a communication connection with a high data rate and low latency. This article proposes a high-gain slotted microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications at the resonant frequency of 38 GHz. Rogers RT5580 material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.009, has been used as a substrate for the antenna. The antenna in concern has a compact construction with dimensions of 8×5.2×0.324 mm³. The slotted antenna's dimensions are optimized with the CST Studio Suite software simulator. The proposed antenna design achieved a reflection coefficient of -49.9 dB, a gain of 9.233 dBi, and a wide operational bandwidth of 1.84 GHz, which is the main objective of this study. The suggested antenna also demonstrated favorable performance at 37 GHz and 39 GHz by changing the length of the radiation patch. In comparison to previous similar designs reported in the literature, the proposed antenna has significantly higher bandwidth, return loss, beam gain, and radiation efficiency; therefore, it is a viable alternative for 5G communication.
5G, Microstrip Patch Antenna, High-Gain, Rogers RT5580
The Impact of Parallel Processors on Image Compression: A Review
The rapid growth of digital data on the Internet has led to significant challenges, including high costs for storage and transmission. Image compression is a critical solution to reduce memory requirements and associated expenses. Researchers have focused on improving compression algorithms to enhance performance, speed, and efficiency by leveraging parallelism at the task level. The primary goal of compression is to reduce file sizes for easier storage and transmission while maintaining acceptable image quality. Parallel processors play a vital role in enhancing the performance of image compression algorithms, particularly for processing large datasets and meeting the demands of modern applications. This review examines the impact of parallel processors on improving compression efficiency compared to traditional methods, addressing challenges such as data distribution among processors, image quality, and compression ratios. It explores various techniques, including block-level and multi-layer processing, and evaluates their effects on computational complexity, image quality, and interprocessor communication. By analyzing previous studies, this review provides insights into effective strategies for optimizing image compression using parallel processing, considering factors such as computational efficiency and quality preservation. Future work should focus on developing advanced parallel techniques to further enhance compression performance and address existing limitations.
Oras Nasef Jasim1*, Noor Abdulkaadhim Hamad2, Heba Yousef Ateaa3, Ahmed Basim Adnan4 ABDULKADHIM
Improve the Accuracy of the System SENTIMENT ANALYSIS FOR Students about Teaching Using (GWO-CNN)
Sentiment analysis has become a vital area of research in artificial intelligence, particularly within natural language processing. With the widespread sharing of opinions and sentiments online, organizations, businesses, and governments can leverage automated tools to analyze feedback and evaluations. In the context of education, the increasing focus on student engagement and attendance has highlighted the importance of understanding feedback in institutional settings. This study employs a lexical sentiment analysis approach to determine the polarity of student responses, using the Vietnamese Student Feedback Corpus (UIT-VSFC), which contains 16,175 sentences of student feedback. The dataset was translated into English for analysis. The proposed method achieved an impressive accuracy of 98%. Additionally, machine learning techniques, including Naïve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were applied, resulting in accuracies of 94%, 88%, and 92%, respectively.
Keywords: GWO , CNN, Machine learning, SENTIMENT ANALYSIS, NLP.
Mrs Evaluation of the Role of Gum Arabic Extract on Renal Damage Induced by Oral Bisphenol A Administration in White Rats
In the current review, we explored the impact of Gum arabic (GA) against Bisphenol A (BPA)- prompted nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group (1) served as a control, group (2) rats received 8 mg/ kg of GA extract, group (3) received BPA 50 mg / kg b.wt. by oral gavage, group (4) consists of rats received first GA extract + BPA, and finally group (5) consists of rats received first BPA + GA extract. Urea, Creatinine, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed, in addition to histological study. The results of this study showed that there was a significant increase in the levels of all urea, Creatinine, and MDA, and a significant decrease in the levels of both GSH and SOD in the third group exposed to BPS, while there was a significant decrease in all of urea, Creatinine, and MDA, and a significant increase in the level of antioxidants GSH, SOD in the fourth and fifth groups Which was dosed with GA extract and BPS. Histopathological changes of kidney were observed in third group (treated with BPA) and fourth group (BPA + GA treated) as compared to control group. This study demonstrated the antioxidant effect of GA and against BPS -induced renal injury.
Bisphenol A; Gum Arabic ; kidney; SOD ; Albino Rats.
Antibacterial Activity of Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized from Licorice Root Extract against Streptococcus mutans
One hundred and twenty dental caries samples were collected during the period between September 2023 and January 2024. Streptococcus mutans were isolated and diagnosed based on cultural, microscopic characteristics, and biochemical tests such as IMViC and the Remel RapID STR system. Obtained results showed that 64 isolates (53.4%) belonged to the genus Streptococci and that 40 isolates (62.5%) of this genus belonged to the species Streptococcus mutans, while 56 isolates (46.6%) of the total 120 isolates did not belong to the genus Non-Streptococci. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) was prepared using the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract and characterized using UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FESEM. SiO2 NPs showed absorbance peak at 497 nm. The XRD pattern showed that the strong four intense peaks indicate crystalline nature and face centered cubic structure of silica nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to study the morphology of the SiO2 NPs. It exhibited a spherical shape with diameters of 46 to 77 nm. The obtained results of antibacterial activity showed that the prepared SiO2 NPs were effective against the isolated Streptococcus mutans, as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 12.5 units/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value was 25 units/mL.
Silica Nanoparticles, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Glycyrrhiza.
Investigating the Effects of TiO Impurities on the Electronic Properties of Graphene Nanoflakes Using DFT Method
Modifying the electronic characteristics of produced graphene allows for the creation of nanoelectronics devices, which are essential for a wide variety of applications. Through the process of chemical doping, graphene nanoflake (GNF) with electronic properties that can be tuned may be successfully produced. We utilised the density function theory (DFT) approach to investigate the GNF with and without various dopants of TiO dimers. This was done because we believed that we might potentially produce electronic characteristics in a GNF by altering the geometrical arrangement of the TiO dimers. In order to create the three different types of TiO dimers, ortho, meta, and para position dimers of titanium and oxygen atoms are used. It has been found that the presence of TiO dimers has a considerable influence on the bandgap values achieved by the GNF structure. According to the findings that we obtained, the electronic characteristics of the GNF are affected by both the arrangement of the TiO dimers that are included inside the GNF and the total amount of GNF dimers that are present.
The 2nd Conference for Pure and Medical Sciences
Graphene nanoflake; Electronic properties; DFT; Energy gap; Chemical doping.
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A Simulation Investigation of the Effect of Polluted Observations on Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression
Bulk numbers are popular for countable dataries, such as inflated zero regression prototypes. Zero-truncation operations with zero truncation can be effective in elaborating problems with prototypes numbers of zeros, as the behaviour of zeros in the datarie s shown may elicit difficulties, when they are solved by zero-truncation operations on the databases. The different Poisson threshold prototypes that use are known as the smallest value that gives the shift of the distribution from the normal regression to the zero inflated regression. This research includes simulated experiments according to the difference in the sample size () and the initial values ​​of the Polluted number (), inflation parameter () and (Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), Method of Moment Estimation (MME)) for ZIP with (1000) iterations. The simulation results showed that the inflated zero parameter was affected with (sample size, the distribution parameter value and the initial value of the inflated zero parameter). Other estimation methods can be adopted, including Shrinkage Bayesian and Zero-Inflated Binomial regression models.
Enhancing the Mechanical and Physical Properties of PMMA Resin Through Clove Particle Reinforcement
Clove extracts was used to reinforce the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin used in denture bases. Samples with a granular size (53 micrometers) and volume fractions of (8%, 6%, 4%, 2%and 0%) were prepared using the manual molding method. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength,bending strength and Physical properties such as thermal conductivity.The findings demonstrated an improvement in the results of the tensile values. The highest value was recorded at the volume fraction (4%), which reached 49 MPa), and the bending values also showed an improvement. The highest value was recorded at the volume fraction (4%), reaching 61 MPa), while the thermal conductivity value showed a decrease by increasing . the volume fraction of powder, where the minimum value was recorded at the volume fraction (8%) reaching) 0.044 W/m.℃(.
Clove extracts , Mechanical properties , physical properties , Denture bases ,Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) resin.
Laser Field Effect on the Electronic Properties of a Coupled Quantum Dot System (NM-QD-NM)
In this work, a mathematical model is developed to investigate the electronic properties of a system where a laser field is directed at a quantum dot and the dot is placed between two nonmagnetic (NM) leads. To test the electronic properties of the device and evolve a spin-dependent analytical equations for the occupancy numbers and quantum dot energy levels. The dealings within research are built on the time-independent Anderson-Newns model. All of these formulas have self-consistent solutions by the Fortran program, and the density of states is computed using them in the two regimes ( and ). All the parameters included in our studies can be tuned experimentally. It is found that the electronic properties (density of states) of the system are decreasing, and the energy windows increase as the parameter of laser effect (frequency =0.1,0.2,0.3 eV and broadening due to the laser field ) increase. The peaks of the density of states are shifted to positive energy for the system when the gate voltages increase. These findings have significant implications for nanotechnology, and the laser can be employed as a tool to facilitate the movement of electrons throughout the system.
A Comprehensive Comparison between Some Species of Mites That Cause Allergic Asthma
A mite allergy is an allergic response to mites which often inhabit damp and dark environments. Signs of mite allergy include rhinitis such as sneezing, runny nose and asthma such as wheezing and difficulty breathing. The study was purposed to a comparison of a few mite species that cause allergic asthma. The increasing prevalence of respiratory allergy especially dust mite allergy in Iraq has caused climate change. The study was aimed to investigate some immunological and hematological in the patient suffering from dust mite and storage mite allergy. Mite allergy was diagnosed by Skin-prick test, intradermal test, and particular amount of IgE level. Individuals (90) blood sample was collected from Specialized allergy center and private laboratories ; Included (60) samples [female (36) , male (24)] from patients suffering allergic asthma of House Dust Mites ,their ages are between (15-50) years and(30)samples [female(18),male (12)] from patients suffering allergic asthma of storage mite , their ages are between (20-45) years . The number of apparently healthy control was (30) [females (16) and males (14)] their ages are between (22- 45) years. The Immunological factors were studied including assessment of serum interleukin IL-4 level, and total of serum IgE level. About season (35.00%) of storage mites increased in autumn and (55.00%) of house dust mites increased in winter. The environmental factors play as a trigger factor for emergence of respiratory allergies in Iraq brought on by storage and house dust mites. The season is major role for increasing dust mite allergy has confirmed the importance in the research.
House Dust Mites ,Storage Mites ,Allergic Asthma, Interlukin-4
Energy Estimation and Mass Composition Determination in Extensive Air Showers for Primary Cosmic Rays
In this work. the CORSIKA code will be used to simulate a part of an Extensive Air Showers (EAS) that describes the lateral distribution function (LDF) with the Yakutsk array. The EAS development has been estimated for several particles like helium, proton, and Gamma-ray (He, P, and γ). The simulation was performed using the high-energy QGSJetII-04 model with the Yakutsk array. primary particles with energies ≥1014 eV and zenith angles with less than 60˚ degrees are considered during the shape development of EAS in the Earth's atmosphere. Mean particle densities increase from Yakutsk at 600 m from the shower axis therefore, this distance from the shower axis was used during the simulation. Depending on the Polynomial Fit (PF) function a parameterization of the density of the shower as a function of the primary mass was reconstructed based on this simulation for primary protons, gamma rays, and helium nuclei at several zenith angles. Protons and helium nuclei make up the majority of the mass composition of cosmic rays up to energies of around 10EeV, with a tiny fraction of heavy nuclei, according to the QGSJetII-04 model for a variety of primary nuclei, including a gamma ray. The comparison of the calculated LDF shows a perfect agreement with the experimental data on the Yakutsk and CORSIKA simulation at energies ≥1014 eV. Comparison of the calculated data and the experimental data includes the assumption that air showers with a very low muon concentration, are thought to be created by primary gamma rays.
Computational Study of ZSWCNTs and ZSWBNNTs as a Career Different Anticancer Drug
We utilize the ZSWCNTs and ZSWBNNTs as a career to (CH, CY, and 5-FU) anticancer drugs. DFT method is utilized to study various electronic properties of the adsorption of these anticancer drugs on ZSWCNTs and ZSWBNNTs. The results are pointed out that these tubes have semiconductor behaviors and the electronic band gap is increasing with increasing the diameter of the tube, excepted the (6,0) ZSWCNTs has a metal behavior with zero electronic band gap. Due to the total energy is increasing with increasing the diameter, these tubes become more stable and lower reactive. Results shown that the complex structures have electronic band gap less than the pristine of these tubes. By adsorbing the same anticancer drug on the ZSWCNTs and ZSWBNNTs, we found out that the complex structures (anticancer drug/ZSWBNNTs) have interesting results compared with the complex structures anticancer drug/ZSWCNTs. So, the electronic band gap is reduced for complex structure compared with pristine tubes. Also, the anticancer drug/ZSWBNNTs is more stable compared with anticancer drug/ZSWCNTs. The adsorption energy is increasing by increasing the diameter of tube with anticancer drug, except the 5- FU/(7,0) ZSWBNNTs has an opposite behavior. Then, we recognized that the CH/(11,0) ZSWBNNTs are the best substrate to carrier the anticancer drug, due to it has a higher value of the adsorption energy Eads compared to others. In brief, we detected that the ZSWBNNTs is the best substrate to deliver these anticancer drugs compared with ZSWCNTs.
electronic band gap; adsorption energy; DFT methods; anticancer drug; ZSWCNTs; ZSWBNNTs